Therapeutic Window of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and its correlation with IVIG-resistant in Kawasaki Disease: a retrospective study

Abstract Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Predictors of IVIG resistance and the optimal cut-off value were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in IVIG resistance among the 4 groups (p = 0.335). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed no difference in the IVIG resistance between those who started the initial IVIG ≤ day 7 of illness and those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness (p = 0.761). In addition, patients who received IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset had a higher proportion of coronary artery abnormalities (p = 0.034) and longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.033) than those who started IVIG administration less than 7 days. The optimal cut-off value of initial IVIG administration time for predicting IVIG resistance was >7 days, with a sensitivity of 75.25% and specificity of 82.41%. Conclusions: IVIG therapy within 7 days of illness is found to be more effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery abnormalities than those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness. IVIG treatment within the 7 days of illness seems to be the optimal therapeutic window of IVIG. However, further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required.

Risk prediction for deep venous thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty based on modified Caprini risk assessment model:a confirmatory study / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of modified Caprini risk assessment model(Caprini MRAM) in predicting the risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#A case-control study was used to collect 43 patients with DVT after TKA in lower limb department of Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital from January 2016 to November 2020 in the positive group, and 172 patients without DVT after TKA in the same period according to the 1∶4 ratio between positive and control group were selected in the control group. Caprini MRAM was used to score and grade the risk of DVT. The clinical data, score and risk classification of the two groups were compared. The relationship between the risk of DVT in the patients after TKA and the risk factors in the risk ckassification and assessment of Caprini MRAM was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.@*RESULTS@#The average score of caprini in DVT group was significantly higher than that in control group[(8.11±2.91) vs(4.07±2.12), P<0.001];DVT group was mainly at medium and high risk group(66.67%), while the control group was mainly at low risk (77.33%). There was a significant difference between the two groups in risk classification composition (P<0.001). BMI≥30 kg/m2, lower extremity edema (<1 month), severe pulmonary disease (<1 month), acute myocardial infarction (<1 month), bed rest (> 2 h), history of superficial or deep vein or pulmonary embolism and family history of thrombosis were the main risk factors for DVT in patients after TKA(all P<0.05). Preoperative D-dimer elevation (OR=4.380), BMI≥30 kg/m2(OR=2.518), lower extremity edema(<1 month)(OR=7.652), acute myocardial infarction (<1 month) (OR=1.994), bed rest (> 72 h)(OR=3.897), history of superficial or deep vein or pulmonary embolism (OR=13.517) and family history of blood embolism (OR=6.551) were independent risk factors for DVT in patients after TKA (all P<0.05). The risk of DVT was 13.457 and 2.739 times higher in high and moderate risk TKA patients with Caprini MRAM classification, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Caprini MRAM can be used to predict the risk of DVT in patients after TKA, especially for patients with high risk.

Research on Rapid Detection Technology for Quality Control of Emergency Ventilator / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#In order to grasp the quality status of the first-aid ventilator in pre-hospital and field environment in time, the quality control and detection items of invasive ventilator were optimized to form a rapid detection operation process of first-aid ventilator and ensure the safety of patient treatment.@*METHODS@#Based on the quality control detection data of invasive ventilator in hospital in recent years, methods such as narrowing the range of qualified criteria and analyzing confidence interval were adopted to extract indicators prone to deviation and verify their correlation with similar indicators, so as to form an optimized rapid detection portfolio.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the original quality control detection procedures, the detection indicators of the rapid detection procedures were reduced from 5 categories of 24 indicators to 3 categories of 7 indicators. The detection time was shortened by 56.1% and the coincidence rate of the detection results was 100% after the actual measurement and verification.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under the premise of ensuring the testing quality, the operating procedure for rapid detection of emergency ventilator can greatly reduce the detection time, and realize the rapid and high frequency quality control detection, so as to ensure the quality and safety of the equipment.

Qili Qiangxin, a compound herbal medicine formula, alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death via suppression of ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway in vitro / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Qili Qiangxin (QLQX), a compound herbal medicine formula, is used effectively to treat congestive heart failure in China. However, the molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective effect are still unclear. This study explores the cardioprotective effect and mechanism of QLQX using the hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial injury model.@*METHODS@#The main chemical constituents of QLQX were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection. The model of H/R-induced myocardial injury in H9c2 cells was developed to simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis, autophagy, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to assess the protective effect of QLQX. Proteins related to autophagy, apoptosis and signalling pathways were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Apoptosis, autophagy and the excessive production of ROS induced by H/R were significantly reduced after treating the H9c2 cells with QLQX. QLQX treatment at concentrations of 50 and 250 μg/mL caused significant reduction in the levels of LC3II and p62 degradation (P < 0.05), and also suppressed the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (at 0.5 μmol/L), and QLQX (250 μg/mL) significantly inhibited H/R-induced autophagy and apoptosis (P < 0.01), while AICAR (an AMPK activator, at 0.5 mmol/L) increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy and abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of QLQX. Similar phenomena were also observed on the expressions of apoptotic and autophagic proteins, demonstrating that QLQX reduced the apoptosis and autophagy in the H/R-induced injury model via inhibiting the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Moreover, ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, at 2.5 mmol/L), significantly reduced H/R-triggered cell apoptosis and autophagy (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, NAC treatment down-regulated the ratio of phosphorylation of AMPK/AMPK (P < 0.01), which showed a similar effect to QLQX.@*CONCLUSION@#QLQX plays a cardioprotective role by alleviating apoptotic and autophagic cell death through inhibition of the ROS/AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.

Therapeutic effects of the extract of Sancao Formula, a Chinese herbal compound, on imiquimod-induced psoriasis via cysteine-rich protein 61 / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is prone to recurrence, and the proinflammatory factor, cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is important in its pathophysiology. Long-term clinical practice has shown that Sancao Formula (SC), a Chinese herbal compound, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which SC extract alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis.@*METHODS@#The expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions and normal healthy skin was detected using immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the biological role of Cyr61 in models of psoriatic inflammation. A psoriatic mouse model was established by topical application of IMQ, and the effect of topical application of SC extract was evaluated using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and histopathological features of the skin. Next, a HaCaT cell inflammation model was established using interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the effect of SC extract on the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was confirmed using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in normal skin samples (78.26% vs 41.18%, P < 0.05), and the number of Cyr61-positive cells in psoriatic lesions was also significantly higher than in normal skin (18.66 ± 2.51 vs 4.33 ± 1.52, P < 0.05). Treatment in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis showed that SC extract could significantly improve the inflammatory phenotype, PASI score (10.875 ± 0.744 vs 3.875 ± 0.582, P < 0.05), and pathological features compared with those in IMQ model group; SC treatment was also associated with decreased levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. In the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cell model, the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1 were upregulated, while the SC extract downregulated the levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1.@*CONCLUSION@#The results provide a theoretical basis for the involvement of Cyr61 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and suggest that SC should be used to target Cyr61 for the prevention of psoriasis recurrence.

Effects of Dasatinib on the Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Derived from Healthy Donors and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of dasatinib on the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) derived from healthy donors (HDs) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HDs (n=10) and CML patients (n=10) who had got the remission of MR4.5 with imatinib treatment. The generation of moDCs from PBMCs was completed after 7 days of incubation in DC I culture medium, and another 3 days of incubation in DC II culture medium with or without 25 nmol/L dasatinib. On the 10th day, cells were harvested and expression of molecules of maturation related marker were assessed by flow cytometry. The CD80+CD86+ cell population in total cells was gated as DCs in the fluorescence-activated cell storting (FACS) analyzing system, then the expression of CD83, CD40 or HLA-DR in this population was analyzed respectively.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of CD80+CD86+ cells in total cells didn't show a statistical difference between HD group and patient group (89.46%±9.70% vs 87.39%±9.34%, P=0.690). Dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.008) and HLA-DR (P=0.028) on moDCs derived from HDs compared with the control group, while the expression of CD83 on moDCs didn't show a significant difference between dasatinib group and the control group (P=0.428). Meanwhile, dasatinib significantly enhanced the expression of the surface marker CD40 (P=0.023), CD83 (P=0.038) and HLA-DR (P=0.001) on moDCs derived from patients compared with the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#For CML patients, the same high proportion of moDCs as HDs can be induced in vitro, which provides a basis for the application of DC-based immunotherapy strategy. Dasatinib at the concentration of 25 nmol/L can efficiently promote the maturation of moDCs derived from HDs and CML patients in vitro. Dasatinib shows potential as a DC adjuvant to be applied in DC-based immunotherapy strategies, such as DC vaccine and DC cell-therapy.

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Influence of Coronavirus Infection on Hematopoietic System and Potential Intervention Drugs and Their Significance for COVID-19 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and predict the effect of coronavirus infection on hematopoietic system and potential intervention drugs, and explore their significance for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#The gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen the whole genome expression data related with coronavirus infection. The R language package was used for differential expression analysis and KEGG/GO enrichment analysis. The core genes were screened by PPI network analysis using STRING online analysis website. Then the self-developed apparent precision therapy prediction platform (EpiMed) was used to analyze diseases, drugs and related target genes.@*RESULTS@#A database in accordance with the criteria was found, which was derived from SARS coronavirus. A total of 3606 differential genes were screened, including 2148 expression up-regulated genes and 1458 expression down-regulated genes. GO enrichment mainly related with viral infection, hematopoietic regulation, cell chemotaxis, platelet granule content secretion, immune activation, acute inflammation, etc. KEGG enrichment mainly related with hematopoietic function, coagulation cascade reaction, acute inflammation, immune reaction, etc. Ten core genes such as PTPRC, ICAM1, TIMP1, CXCR5, IL-1B, MYC, CR2, FSTL1, SOX1 and COL3A1 were screened by protein interaction network analysis. Ten drugs with potential intervention effects, including glucocorticoid, TNF-α inhibitor, salvia miltiorrhiza, sirolimus, licorice, red peony, famciclovir, cyclosporine A, houttuynia cordata, fluvastatin, etc. were screened by EpiMed plotform.@*CONCLUSION@#SARS coronavirus infection can affect the hematopoietic system by changing the expression of a series of genes. The potential intervention drugs screened on these grounds are of useful reference significance for the basic and clinical research of COVID-19.

The Gender-Sensitive Social Risk Factors for Internet Addiction in College Undergraduate Students

Objective@#The current study aims to explore precipitating and social risk factors for internet addiction (IA) in university undergraduate students, and to provide evidence for interventions and the early prevention of IA in different genders. @*Methods@#Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight college sophomores completed an online survey on their internet use-related behaviours and social risk factors. @*Results@#We found that more male (8.3%) than female students (5.4%) had moderate and severe IA. The main online activity in the moderate and severe IA groups was online gaming in males and online streaming in females. Roommates engaging in similar internetbased entertainment was a risk factor of IA only for males, while not being in a romantic relationship was a risk factor of IA for females only. Infatuation with the internet before college and adjustment problems for college life were shared risk factors for both genders in the mild and moderate IA groups. @*Conclusion@#IA was a common phenomenon in college students with shared and unique precipitating and social risk factors in males and females. The gender-sensitive risk factors for IA warranted earlier and individualized intervention and prevention strategies for IA in this population.

miR-361-5p reverses oxaliplatin resistance of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by targeting CCND1 / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of miR-361-5p on the oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and its mechanism. Methods: The expression of miR-361-5p in gastric cancer cells (MKN-45, MGC80-3 and SGC-7901) and drug-resistant SGC-7901/OXA cells was detected by qPCR. The SGC-7901/OXA cells were transfected with miR-361-5p mimics/inhibitor or sh-CCND1 by using Liposome transfection technology. Then, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of SGC-7901/OXA cells were measured by CCK-8 assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. The targeting relationship between miR-361-5p and CCND1 was examined by Dual luciferase report gene assay. The expression level of CCND1 in SGC-7901/OXA cells was detected by WB. Results: miR-361-5p was down-regulated in multiple gastric cancer cells and SGC-7901/OXA cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Over-expression of miR-361-5p significantly promoted the apoptosis, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation of SGC-7901/OXA cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter gene results verified that miR-361-5p targeted CCND1 and negatively regulated its expression (P<0.01). Further experiments showed that targeted down-regulation of CCND1 induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited CCND1 expression and proliferation of SGC-7901/OXA cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Over-expression of miR-361-5p targetedly down-regulated CCND1 and further promoted cell apoptosis, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation of SGC-7901/OXA cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-361-5p over-expression can reverse the resistance of SGC-7901/OXA cells to OXA, and the mechanism may be related to its targeted down-regulation of CCND1 expression.

The Gender-Sensitive Social Risk Factors for Internet Addiction in College Undergraduate Students

Objective@#The current study aims to explore precipitating and social risk factors for internet addiction (IA) in university undergraduate students, and to provide evidence for interventions and the early prevention of IA in different genders. @*Methods@#Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight college sophomores completed an online survey on their internet use-related behaviours and social risk factors. @*Results@#We found that more male (8.3%) than female students (5.4%) had moderate and severe IA. The main online activity in the moderate and severe IA groups was online gaming in males and online streaming in females. Roommates engaging in similar internetbased entertainment was a risk factor of IA only for males, while not being in a romantic relationship was a risk factor of IA for females only. Infatuation with the internet before college and adjustment problems for college life were shared risk factors for both genders in the mild and moderate IA groups. @*Conclusion@#IA was a common phenomenon in college students with shared and unique precipitating and social risk factors in males and females. The gender-sensitive risk factors for IA warranted earlier and individualized intervention and prevention strategies for IA in this population.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the scientific basis for the consolidation of schistosomiasis control achievements and timely treatment of risk factors. MethodsA total of 7 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019. According to the National Scheme for Schistosomiasis Surveillance (2014 version), Schistosoma japonicum infections were monitored in local residents, floating populations and livestock, and snail habitats were surveyed in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019. The results of schistosomaisis surveillance in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. Results There were 15 848 and 7 779 person-times of local residents and floating populations receiving serological screening of schistosomiasis in 7 national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalence rates were 0.95% to 1.75% and 0.14% to 0.91% among local residents and floating populations, respectively; however, no egg-positives were identified. A total of 1 885 herd-times of livestock were detected, and no egg-positives were found. During the 5-year period, snail survey was conducted in snail habitats and suspected snail habitats covering 3 333.79 hm2, and there were 108.71 hm2 snail habitats identified, including 50.97 hm2 re-emerging snail habitats. The density of living snails was 0.007 to 0.125 snails/0.1 m2 from 2015 to 2019, which showed a trend for a rise year by year (χ2 = 2 732.626, P < 0.01); however, no S. japonicum infections were detected in snails. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has been maintained at a low level in Zhenjiang City, and schistosomiasis control achievements are consolidated. However, snails are widely distributed in the city, and there are still risk factors associated with schistosomiasis transmission. Further integrated interventions require to be reinforced to timely manage the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis and promote the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Oroxyli Semen by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Flavonoids,as the major constituents in Oroxyli Semen,had a variety of pharmacological effects against inflammation,infections,and oxidation. In this study,an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was established to analyze and identify the various flavonoids in Oroxyli Semen. Method:The separation was performed on an Kinetex-XB C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm)with gradient elution,which was carried out with 0.1%formic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1,and the injection volume was 3 μL. Electrospray ionization source was in the negative ion mode. Target and non-target screenings were carried out by Peakview 2.2 and Masterview 1.0 software. Then the identification of target compounds were completed based on accurate mass,isotopic abundance ratio and MS/MS fragment,and the non-target compounds were determined according to literature reports and MS cleavage mechanism. Result:According to the high resolution MS spectra data,fragmentation ion information and retention time,36 peaks of Oroxyli Semen were identified, including 10 flavonoids and 26 flavonoid glycosides according to literature reports and MS cleavage mechanism. Conclusion:The study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition of Oroxyli Semen,which is significant to study of the chemical constituents, quality control and material basis of Oroxyli Semen.

Analysis on related factors of lymph node metastasis and ovary involvement in endometrioid adenocarcinoma / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the related factors of lymph node metastasis and ovary involvement in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological data of endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical treatment at the first affiliated hospital of university of science and technology of China from January 2011 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 189 endometrioid adenocarcinoma were retrieved in the study. Results In the univariate analysis, D-dimer, preoperative plasma fibrinogen and CA125 levels could be elevated in endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients with ovary involvement (all P<0.05). Endometroid adenocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis had lower body mass index (BMI) (t=2.133, P=0.040), preoperative plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, CA125 levels and BMI were higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). In Logistic regression analysis, D-dimer levels(OR=1.448, 95% CI:1.105-1.898) and preoperative plasma fibrinogen(OR=1.925, 95% CI:1.018-3.640) were elevated in endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients with ovary involvement; Multiparity was the protective factor(OR=0.498, 95% CI: 0.253-0.982) for endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis, but elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen (OR=2.191, 95% CI: 1.085-4.422) was the risk factor among the patients. Conclusion Increased preoperative plasma fibrinogen or D-dimer levels could be predictors of lymph node metastasis or ovary involvement in endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Vancomycin-induced severe thrombocytopenia in a young infant

Abstract Vancomycin is a first-line drug for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Thrombocytopenia is a rare adverse reaction to vancomycin treatment, and there are no reports of vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia (VIT) in infants. We describe the case of a 3-month-old girl who was diagnosed with purulent meningitis. After 13 days of treatment with vancomycin, her platelet count reduced to 8 × 109/L. Vancomycin was discontinued, and intravenous methylprednisolone was administered. The platelet count returned to normal after 4 days. Patients, especially young children, receiving vancomycin for a long clinical course should undergo careful monitoring of laboratory indicators and blood tests.

Effect of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the long-term potentiation in hippocampus of mice / 生理学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of mice. C57BL/6J mice (30 days old) were randomly divided into control group, three CGRP groups, and CGRP + CGRPgroup (10 mice for each group). Different concentrations of CGRP (50, 100 and 200 nmol/L) were given to the hippocampal slices of mice. The presynaptic release of neurotransmitters and the induction of LTP were measured by extracellular field recording techniques. The result showed that different concentrations of CGRP did not affect the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters, but 100 and 200 nmol/L CGRP increased the amplitude of LTP induced in the hippocampus of mice. This facilitation effect of CGRP was blocked by its specific antagonist CGRP. These results suggest that CGRP dose-dependently facilitates the induction of LTP in the hippocampus of mice through its specific receptor.

Clinicopathological Features of Nondiabetic Renal Diseases from Different Age Groups: An Observational Cross-sectional Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nondiabetic renal diseases (NDRDs) have different clinicopathological features and prognosis from those of diabetic nephropathy. Our study sought to analyze the clinical and pathological features of NDRDs, in different age groups through a cross-sectional study.@*Methods@#All patients with type 2 DM at our center who underwent renal biopsy between March 1997 and March 2017 were screened and divided into three groups by age: Group 1 (youth group), 18-44 years old; Group 2 (middle-aged group), 45-59 years old; and Group 3 (elderly group), ≥60 years old. We analyzed the clinicopathological data and risk factors by univariate and multivariate logistic regression for NDRD of the patients to identify the features of NDRD in different age groups.@*Results@#We included 982 patients in the final analysis. Patients with NDRD accounted for 64.4% of all patients. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most common pathological pattern in young patients with NDRD, accounting for 26.3%. In the middle-aged group, the two most common pathological patterns were IgAN and membranous nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy was the most common pathological pattern in elderly patients with NDRD, accounting for 29.3%. Consistent with pathological features, glomerular hematuria is a risk factor for NDRD in Group 1 (odds ratio [OR], 26.514; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.503-280.910; P = 0.006). On the other hand, rapidly increasing proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is a risk factor for NDRD in Group 2 (OR, 5.921; 95% CI, 2.061-17.013; P = 0.001) and Group 3 (OR, 90.409; 95% CI, 6.198-1318.826; P = 0.001).@*Conclusions@#This single-center study showed that the proportion and composition of NDRD differ among different age groups. Consistent with pathological features, some clinical indices such as hematuria and proteinuria showed different features among different age groups.

Estimating HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province with Estimation and Projection Package-Spectrum model / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province through Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model and to provide scientific evidence for the control practice of AIDS. Methods Consecutive behavior surveillance data, HIV prevalence, the number of HIV/AIDS patients under highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and social-demographic data from population census in Zhejiang Province were collected and input into the optimized EPP-Spectrum model. HIV epidemic curves of different sub-population were generated for comprehensive estimation of HIV/AIDS prevalence, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the number of new HIV infection and the death toll in Zhejiang Province. Results It was estimated that by the end of 2016, the HIV infection rate in the whole population was 0.05% (95%CI: 0.04%-0.06%) . There were a total of 27 542 (95%CI: 24 564-31 187) PLWHA in Zhejiang Province, with 47.55% of which by homosexual transmission, 24.43% by commercial heterosexual transmission and 25.29% by non-commercial heterosexual (including spouses) transmission. There were 1 714 (95%CI: 1 340-2 194) new infections in 2016 and this number fluctuated slightly from 2014 to 2016. Most of the new HIV/AIDS were infected by sexual transmission, with homosexual transmission accounted for 46.94%; the proportion of non-commercial sex transmission (including spouses) increased year by year. A total of 642 (95%CI: 476-896) PLWHA died in 2016, and the number of death increased slowly and remained stable each year. A total of The proportion of PLWHA being diagnosed and under HAART increased during 2012-2016. It was estimated that 57.70% of PLWHA had been controlled. Conclusion The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province from 1995 to 2016 increased steadily and was at low prevalence. The main transmission routes were homosexual behaviors, commercialand non-commercial heterosexual behaviors.

Clinical Analysis of Refractory Primary Central Nervouse System Lymphoma Treated with High-Dose MTX-Based Chemotherapy and Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Infusion / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy combined with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized family related haploidentical donor peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (G-PBHSC) infusion for the treatment of patients with refractory primary central nervouse system lymphoma (PCNSL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three patients with refractory PCNSL were treated in Department of Hematology of the General Hospital of the PLA's Rocket Force from March 2014 to September 2015. The sex ratio of male to female was 1:2 and the median age was 54(48-66)years old. All patients received programmed infusions of G-PBHSC after high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy without prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three patients had received initial chemotherapy or radiotherapy after diagnosis, one patient achieved complete remission (CR) after 3 courses of treatment and remained in CR until the end of follow-up, 2 cases achieved partial remission (PR) and the progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10 and 7 months, respectively. The patients generally well-tolerated this therapy. The main adverse effects of patients were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and infection related with chemotherapy after each course of treatment, the median recovery times of neutrophils and platelets were 11 and 12.5 days, respectively after of programmed infusions of G-PBHSC. No GVHD was observed in any of the patients during treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy with programmed haploidentical G-PBHSC infusion is a potential treatment alternative for refractory PCNSL patients.</p>

Inhibitory Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor SAHA on Proliferation of Mouse Multiple Myeloma Cell Line SP2/0 in vitro and in vivo / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the anti-myeloma effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and on mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibitory effect of SAHA on SP2/0 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay,and the apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry FACS. The protein expression of Caspase-3 and p53 of SP2/0 cells treated with SAHA were examined by Western blot. Annexin V/7-AAD double staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of SP2/0 induced by SAHA in vitro. SP2/0 cells (1×10) resuspended in 200 µl PBS were inoculated subcutaneously and intravenously into BALB/c mice, so as to establish aggressive or non-aggressive myeloma-bearing mouse models respectively. On day 3 after modeling, mice received SAHA or vehicle control treatment by intraperitoneal injection. The dose of SAHA was 60 mg/kg·d, 5 times a week for 3 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In SAHA-treated SP2/0 cells, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptotic cells increased in a dose dependent manner. Also, SAHA significantly increased the ratio of cells in G phase and decreased in S phase. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of SP2/0 induced by SAHA partly correlated with up-regulating the expression level of Caspase-3 and p53. In the non-aggressive myeloma-bearing mice, SP2/0 cells disappeared in peripheral blood after SAHA treatment. In the aggressive myeloma-bearing mice, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of the cell survival were observed after SAHA treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SAHA inhibited SP2/0 cell proliferation, this effect associates with inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, the mechanism of SAHA ralates partly with activating Caspase-3 and p53 pathway.</p>

Analysis of professor Lin Yi's experience for metastasis breast cancer by data mining / 中国中药杂志

Data mining method based on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) inheritance system(V2.5) was adopted to analyze professor Lin Yi's experience for metastasis breast cancer(MBC) by analysing the high frequency medicine, drug categories，drug properties，the key symptoms and key drugs of different metastasis regions and different syndromes, drug symptom analysis in the effective prescriptions for treating MBC by Lin from January 2013 to December 2017. A total of 89 MBC patients, 5 syndromes and 117 prescriptions were involved. The first 10 most frequently used were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Crataegi Fructus, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum, Hedyotis Diffusa, Codonopsis Radix, Astragali Radix. The warm and placid property was higher, the most herbs had Gan taste, the first two channel tropisms were spleen and the stomach. Drug symptom analysis in 5 different metastasis regions and 6 different syndromes were also been done. The conclusion showed that professor Lin's experience as: recognizing the basis of diseases,differentiating the syndrome, combinating disease and syndrome, cautiously grasping pathogenesis,combinating tonification and purgation together, regulating balance, treating the symptoms and origin, regulating spleen and stomach, caring for the postnatal throughout, prefering ancient prescription,rational compatibility, using medicine gently.